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My E. Leitz Wetzlar D. F. 6x30 Dienstglas serial #156507 German Military Binoculars are of the standard WWII Infantry pattern, but predate 1940 because the manufacturer’s logo is present (rather than a manufacturer’s numerical code). E. Leitz (Leica) together with Zeiss are among the most respected German optics manufacturers. The small m under the serial number indicates use of metric screws on faceplate screws (per Hans Seeger).

1914 WWI Rodenstock Fernglas 08 German Military Binoculars (Galilian/ non Prismatic)

My WWI Rodenstock German military binoculars are of the ubiquitous pattern issued to all non commissioned officers and are marked “ F.G. 08 ” (Fernglas 08 or binoculars [model] 08), and are marked “ K.B Dienst ” ( K.B. Govt Service property?) and also “ J ” (Bavarian acceptance mark of Geschofabric Ingolstadt) and also “ IX14 ” (production date of September 1914) on the pivot arms. These binoculars are also maker marked “ G. Rodenstock Fernglas 08 No. 7676 Munchen ” on the pivot disk. The case is marked as having been made by “ Emil Busch A.G. Rathenow” (camera maker) and has the normal case lid instructions, which are quite faded. .

1918 Captured WWI E. Leitz Fernglas 08 German Military Binoculars (Galilian/ non Prismatic)

My WWI German Fernglas 08 military binoculars were made by famous optics maker E. Leitz in Wetzlar in November 1918, near the end of the war (the Versailles Treaty ending the war was June 28, 1919). These were “captured”, and brought back as a souvenir or war trophy to the United States by Corporal Elton O. Bartlow, of the U.S. 83rd Infantry Division, 329 Infantry Regiment, Machine Gun Co., associated with the state of Ohio USA. Their case is marked as having been made by Spindler & Hoyer Gottingen.

Case Lid Inside Label

Post WWI Civilian Pseudo “Model 08” Non Military Binoculars

French “model 08” civilian binoculars

So many American and Canadian soldiers brought home captured German noncom model 08 Military binoculars, that after WWI it created enough civilian demand for American and French firms to make and sell knock off civilian center focus binoculars intended to resemble the wartime “08” binoculars and marked as being them. In the normal way that marketing creates self serving illusions, the U.S. made binoculars of this type marked “ ARMY ” and “ 08 ” and of course these are neither. But to this day people are still deceived.

US “Army 08” civilian binoculars

1917 WWI Carl Zeiss Fernglas 08 German Military Binoculars (Galilian/ non Prismatic)

My WWI 1917 German Carl Zeiss 08 military binoculars are the Zeiss manufactured version of the Rodenstock and Emil Busch made 08 binoculars above and the Leitz made 08 binoculars below. (08 pattern binoculars were also made in WWI by Oigee, Voightlander, Goerz, Spindler and Hoyer, and perhaps other manufacturers). This pattern of military non prismatic binoculars were cheaper and easier to produce in large quantities than prismatic binoculars, and were considered good enough for to be issued to NCO’s (non commissioned officers) and these cheaper easier to produce design enabled all NCOs to receive a pair, which was a revolutionary military concept.

1917 Carl Zeiss 08 german army military binoculars.
1917 Carl Zeiss 08 jumelles militaires de'larmee allemande.
1917 Carl Zeiss 08 Bundeswehr militarfernglas.
1917 Carl Zeiss 08 binoculres militares del ejercito aleman.
1917 Carl Zeiss 08 prismticos militares del ejercito aleman.
1917 Carl Zeiss 08 binocolo militaire dell'esercito Tedesco.
1917 Carl Zeiss 08 tysk militar kikare.
1917 carl Zeiss 08 Duitse leger militaire verrekijker.

My 08 binoculars came with one of the German WWII button flaps to attach the binoculars to a uniform button so it doesn't bang around and make noise and get you shot at night, or smack you in the face when diving for cover.

1912 Pre WWI Emil Busch AG Fernglas 08 German Military Binoculars (Galilian/ non Prismatic)

My pre WWI Busch German military binoculars are marked “ Fernglas 08” and have a “ K ” acceptance mark of Gewehr Prufungskommission Spandau, and are also marked “ XI 12 ” (production date of November 1912) on the pivot arms. These binoculars are also maker marked “ Emil Busch AG Rathenow ”. These were probably a US soldier bring back war trophy, perhaps given to a sweetheart “Bonnie”, and with her name scratched into them.

1912 Emil Busch Fernglas 08 German Army Military binoculaRS.
1912 Emil Busch Fernglas 08 Armee est Allemande jumelles militaires.
1912 Emil Busch Fernglas 08 Militarfernglas.
1912 Emil Busch Fernglas 08 Ejercito de Alemania binoculares militares.
1912 Emil Busch Fernglas 08 Binocolo militaire dell'esercito della Germania
1912 Emil Busch Fernglas 08 arme militar kikare.
1912 Emil Busch Fernglas 08 Duitse leger militaire verrekijker.

There were also a few US made examples such as my “Rover” binoculars that did not pretend to be military binoculars. The case is marked with a Long Island NY address of its original owner.

Undated WWI Spindler & Hoyer Fernglas 08 German Military Binoculars (Galilian/ non Prismatic)

My undated late war WWI Spindler & Hoyer German Fernglas 08 military binoculars were made by Spindler & Hoyer of Gottingen, Germany. In my opinion, what makes them quite cool is that the the case is marked that these were issued to “11074 Untfz. Witsch” (Unteroffizier Witsch), a German junior non commissioned officer. These were probably an item brought back by a U.S. soldier after being captured from, or surrendered by, or taken off the body of Unteroffizier Witsch). Few military binoculars carry forward any insight into their past ownership, so I am both surprised and pleased whenever one reveals its past history.

FOR GERMAN WWII BINOCULAR and OPTICAL MANUFACTURER CODES

Two WWII Carl Zeiss Jena German Army 10x50 Dienstglas military binoculars serial #1719452, and serial #2163364, both pre 1940

My two Carl Zeiss Jena Dienstglas 10x50 German Army binoculars predate 1940, when German manufacturer’s letter codes were instituted replacing manufacturer names or logos on German military binoculars. According to period documents the light blue dot under the Zeiss logo on my Zeiss serial number 2163364 binoculars indicates use of cold weather grease #1416 (credit Hans Seeger). The H/6400 marking refers to the right ocular graticule/ strichplatte/ range grid, such that the Artillerie promille grid units indicate a 2m object filling one grid unit is 2km away. My flea market bargain purchased pre 1940 Carl Zeiss Jena Dienstglas 10x40 German army binoculars serial #1719452 came with intact original ocular cover, straps, leather case, and uniform strap.

WWII Carl Zeiss Jena Dienstglas binoculars.
Carl Zeiss Jena Dienstglas 10x50 German Army military binoculars.
Carl Zeiss Jena Dienstglas 10x50 jumelles militaires de l'armee Allemande.
Carl Zeiss Jena Dienstglas 10x50 militarfernglaser de Wermacht.
Carl Zeiss Jena Dienstglas 10x50 binoculares militares del ejercito Aleman.
Carl Zeiss Jena Dienstglas 10x50 Tyska armens militara kikare.
Carl Zeiss Jena Dienstglas 10x50 binocolo militare dell'esercito Tedesco.
Carl Zeiss Jena Dienstglas 10x50 militaire verrekijker van het Duitse leger.
Carl Zeiss Jena Dienstglas 10x50 den Tyske haerens militaere kikkert.
Carl Zeiss Jena Dienstglas 10x50 lornetka wojskowa armii niemieckiej.
Carl Zeiss Jena Dienstglas 10x50 vojensky dalekohled nemecke armady.
Carl Zeiss Jena Dienstglas 10x50 den Tyske haers militaere kikkert.
Carl Zeiss Jena Dienstglas 10x50 a nemet hadsereg katonai tavcsovei.
Carl Zeiss Jena Dienstglas 10x50 Sakson armeijan sotilaskiikarit.
Carl Zeiss Jena Dienstglas 10x50 binoculos militares do exercito Alemao.
Carl Zeiss Jena Dienstglas 10x50 vacijas armijas militarais binoklis.
carl Zeiss Jena Dienstglas 10x50 vokietijos armijos karinai ziuronai.

WWII E Leitz Wetzlar German Army 7x50 Dienstglas and beh code military binoculars serial #477474, with US Army War Trophy paperwork

My Ernst Leitz Dienstglas 7x50 German Army binoculars are unusual in a few ways. They carry both the full manufacturer name on the left plate, as was normal prior to 1940, and also the beh wartime code on the right plate as was normal after 1940. I would assume that these were transitional production except for the + marking on the right plate, which was the mark for cold weather grease 1442, which was introduced Nov. 1, 1942. These do show some signs of a rework?? These are also quite unusual in being documented by serial no. (477474) along with a Walther P38 pistol on a U.S. Army personal property certificate (“war trophy capture papers”/permission to bring home) dated Sept 27, 1945, for Corporal Frank Feinstein, of the 559th Anti Aircraft Artillery/ Automatic Weapons battalion, a unit that participated in the Battle of the Bulge. U.S soldiers in WWII collectively brought or mailed home huge amounts of captured military equipment souvenirs as a War Trophy (including my father). Only a few items were prohibited, such as machine guns, live munitions, explosives, and grenades). Rifles and pistols were permitted, but required paperwork permission of a commanding officer, normally easily obtained, and I have rifles & pistols with their capture paperwork. The War Trophy rules were laid out in U.S. War Dept circular 155 (click above to see). In practice single pieces of enemy field equipment including binoculars did not require “capture paperwork” and so are very rarely documented, and then only when listed as additional items on the paperwork needed for a war Trophy firearm to be declared.

My Ernst Leitz Dienstglas 7x50 German Army binoculars serial # 256173 carry the full manufacturer name on the left plate, as was normal prior to 1940. The “M” marking on these Leitz binoculars under the serial number indicate use of metric thread on faceplate screws (per Hans Seeger).

WWII Carl Zeiss Jena Dienstglas 10x50 binoculars
Carl Zeiss Jena Dienstglas 10x50 German army military binoculaqrs.
Carl Zeiss Jena Dienstglas 10x50 jumelles militaires de l'armee Allemande.
Carl Zeiss Jena Dienstglas 10x50 militarfernglas de Wermacht.
Carl Zeiss Jena Dienstglas 10x50 binoculares militares del ejercito Aleman.
Carl Zeiss Jena Dienstglas 10x50 Tyska armens militara kikare.
Carl Zeiss Jena Dienstglas 10x50 binocolo militare dell'esercito tedesco.
Carl Zeiss Jena Dienstglas 10x50 militaire verrekijker van het Duitse leger.
Carl Zeiss Jena Dienstglas 10x50 den Tyske haerens militaere kikkert.
Carl Zeiss Jena Dienstglas 10x50 lornetka wojskowa armii niemieckiej.
Carl Zeiss Jena Dienstglas 10x50 vojensky dalekohled nemecke armady.i
Carl Zeiss Jena Dienstglas 10x50 den Tyske haers militaere kikkert.
Carl Zeiss Jena Dienstglas 10x50 a nemet hadsereg katonai tavcsovel.
Carl Zeiss Jena Dienstglas 10x50 Saksan armeijan sotilaskiikarit.
Carl Zeiss Jena Dienstglas 10x50 binoculos militares do exercito alemao.
Carl Zeiss Jena Dienstglas 10x50 vacijas armijas militarias binoklis.
Carl Zeiss Jena Dienstglas 10x50 vokietijos armijos karinai ziuronai.

WWII beh ( Ernst Leitz) German Army 7x50 Dienstglas military binoculars serial 383996, post 1940

WWII blc ( Carl Zeiss code) 10x50 German Dienstglas Military Binoculars. Post 1940

WWII blc Dienstglas binoculars.
blc Carl Zeiss 10x50 Dienstglas German Army military binoculars.
blc Carl Zeiss 10x50 Dienstglas jumelles militaires de l'armee Allemande.
blc Carl Zeiss 10x50 Dienstglas militar fernglaser der Wermacht.
blc Carl Zeiss 10x50 Dienstglas binoculares militares del ejercito Aleman.
blc Carl Zeiss 10x50 Dienstglas Tyska armens militara kikare.
blc Carl Zeiss 10x50 Dienstglas binocolo militare dell'esercito Tedesco.
blc Carl Zeiss 10x50 Dienstglas militaire verrekijkervan het Duitse leger.
blc Carl zeiss 10x50 Dienstglas den Tyske haerens militaere kikkert.
blc Carl Zeiss 10x50 Dienstglas lornetka wojskowa armii niemieckiej.
blc Carl Zeiss 10x50 Dienstglas vojensky daqlekohled nemecke armady.
blc Carl Zeiss 10x50 Dienstglas den Tyske haers militaere kikkert.
blc Carl Zeiss 10x50 Dienstglas a nemet hadsereg katonai tavcsovei.
blc carl Zeiss 10x50 Dienstglas Saksan armeijan sotilaskiikarit.
blc Carl Zeiss 10x50 Dienstglas binoculos militares do exercito alemao.
blc Carl Zeiss 10x50 Dienstglas vacijas armijas militarais binoklis.
blc Carl Zeiss 10x50 Dienstglas vokietijos armijos karinai ziuronai.

My blc 10x50 Dienstglas WWII German military binoculars were made by Carl Zeiss . I believe the “ • ” to indicate use of a cold weather grease.

WWII blc ( Carl Zeiss code) 7x50 Dienstglas German Military Binoculars, post 1940

WWII blc Dienstglas binoculars.
blc Carl Zeiss 7x50 Dienstglas German Army military binoculars.
blc Carl Zeiss 7x50 Dienstglas jumelles militaires de l'armee Alemande.
blc Carl Zeiss 7x50 Dienstglas militarfernglaser der Wermacht.
blc Carl Zeiss 7x50 Dienstglas binoculares militares del ejercito Aleman.
blc Carl Zeiss 7x50 Dienstglas Tyska armens militaraq kikare.
blc Carl Zeiss 7x50 Dienstglas binocolo militare dell'escercito Tedesco.
blc Carl Zeiss 7x50 Dienstglas militaire verrekijker van het Duitse leger.
blc Carl Zeiss 7x50 Dienstglas den Tyske haerens militaere kikkert.
blc Carl Zeiss 7x50 Dienstglas lornetka wojskowa armii niemiecjiej.
blc Carl Zeiss 7x50 Dienstglas vojensky dalekohled Nemecke armady.
blc Carl Zeiss 7x50 Dienstglas den Tyske haers militaere kikkert.
blc Carl Zeiss 7x50 Dienstglas a nemet hadsereg katonai tavcsovei.
blc Carl Zeiss 7x50 Dienstglas saksan armeijan sotlaskiikarit.
blc Crl Zeiss 7x50 Dienstglas binoculos militares do exercito alemao.
blc Carl Zeiss 7x50 Dienstglas vacijas armijas militarais binoklis.
blc Carl zeiss 7x50 Dienstglas vokietijos armijos karinai ziuronai.

My blc 7x50 Dienstglas WWII German military binoculars were made by Carl Zeiss . The + marking indicates 1442 cold weather optical grease “ Dienstglas ” has been the standard German military type designation on binoculars from WWI to the present.

E. Leitz 7x50 German army military binoculars.
E. Leitz 7x50 jumelles militaires de l'armee allemande.
E. Leitz 7x50 militarfernglaser der Bundeswehr.
E. leitz 7x50 binoculares militares del ejercito aleman.
E. Leitz 7x50 Tyska armens militara kikare.
E. Leitz 7x50 binocolo militare dell'esercito Tedesco.
E. Leitz 7x50 verrekijker van het Duitse keger.
E. Leitz 7x50 den tyske haerens militaere kikkert.
E. Leitz 7x50 lornetka wojskowa armii Niemieckiej.
E. leitz 7x50 vojensky dalekohled nemecke armady.
E. Leitz 7x50 den tyske haers militaere kikkert.
E. Leitz 7x50 a nemet hadsereg katonai tavcsovei.
E. Leitz 7x50 Saksan armeijan sotilaskiikarit.
E. Leitz 7x50 binoculos militares do exercito Alemao.
E. Leitz 7x50 vacijas armijas militarais binoklis.
E.Leitz vokietijos armijos kariniai ziuronai.

WWII E Leitz Wetzlar Pre-1940 German Army 7x50 Dienstglas military binoculars serial #256173

E. Leitz Wetzlar Dienstglas 7x50 captured German Army beh binoculars.
Jumelles militaires de l'armee Allemande E. Leitz Wetzlar beh Dienstglas 7x50 captures.
Erbeutetes E. Leitz Wetzlar 7x50 beh dienstglas militarfernglaser der Wehrmacht.
Binoculares capturados E. Leitz Wetzlar 7x50 beh dienstglas dell'esercito Aleman.
Fangade E. Leitz Wetzlar 7x50 beh dienstglas Tyska armens militara kikare.
Catturato E. Leitz Wetzlar 7x50 beh dienstglas binocolo dell'esercito Tedesco.
Gevangen E. Leitz Wetzlar 7x50 behdienstglas militaire verrekijker Duitse leger.
Fabnget E. Leitz Wetzlar 7x50 beh dienstglas den Tyske haerens miliyaere kilkkert.
Uchwyony lornetka E. Leitz Wetzlar 7x50 beh dienstglas armii niemieckiej.
Zachyceny E. Leitz Wetzlar 7x50 beh dienstglas dalekohled nemecke armady
Fangade E.Leitz Wetzlar7x50 beh dienstglas Den Tyske haers militaere kikkert.
Zsakmanyolt E. Leitz Wetzlar 7x50 beh dienstglas a nemethadsereg katonai tavcso
Kaapattu E. Leitz Wetzlar 7x50 beh dienstglas sakan armeijan sotiliaskiikarit.
Capturou E. Leitz Wetzlar 7x50 beh dienstglas binoculos militares exercito alemao
Notverts E Leitz Wetzlar 7x50 beh dienstglas vacijas armijas militarais binoklis
Uzfiksuoti E Leitz Wetzar 7x50 beh dienstglas vokietijos armijos karinial ziuronai.

Yellow ocular filters in case

“Capture papers” for these binoculars

TO SEE US WAR DEPT CIRCULAR 155 , Rules and Regulations on enemy war trophy captured items...

WWII rnl (Carl Zeiss late code) 6x30 German Dienstglas Military Binoculars (post November 1944)

rnl Carl Zeiss 6x30 Dienstglas German army military binoculars.
rns Carl Zeiss 6x30 Dienstglas jumelles militaires de l'armee Allemande.
rnl Carl Zeiss 6x30 Dienstglas militarfernglaser der Bundeswehr.
rnl Carl Zeiss 6x30 Dienstglas binoculares militares del ejercito Aleman.
rnl Carl Zeiss 6x30 Dienstglas Tyska armens militara kikare.
rnl Carl Zeiss 6x30 Dienstglas binocolo militare dell'esercito Tedesco.
rnl carl Zeiss 6x30 Dienstglas militaire verrekijker van het Duitse leger.
rnl Carl Zeiss 6x30 Dienstglas den Tyske haerens militaere kikkert.
rnl Carl Zeiss 6x30 Dienstglas lornetka wojskowa armii niemieckiej.
rnl Carl Zeiss 6x30 Dienstglas Vojensky dalekohled nemecke armady.
rnl Carl Zeiss 6x30 Dienstglas den tyske haers militaere kikkert.
rnl Carl Zeiss 6x30 Dienstglas a nemet hadsereg katonai tavcsovei.
rnl Carl Zeiss 6x30 Dienstglas saskan armeijan sotilaskiikarit.
rnl Carl Zeiss 6x30 Dienstglas binoculos militares do exercito Alemao.
rnl Carl Zeiss 6x30 Dienstglas vacijas armijas militarais binoklis.
rnl Carl Zeiss 6x30 Dienstglas vokietijos armijos karinai ziuronai.

My rnl 6x30 Dienstglas WWII German military binoculars were made by Carl Zeiss after November 1944, when Zeiss changed from their previous blc manufacturer code to the later rnl code. The triangle mark indicates use of a cold weather grease.

My flea market bargain ($25)purchased WWII post 1940 beh (Ernst Leitz) Dienstglas 7x50 German army binoculars serial #383996 came with intact original ocular cover, binocular straps, and original leather case with straps. Many binoculars like these are now missing the ocular covers, original straps and original case, so it is quite a treat to acquire complete original vet bring back war trophy examples like this.

beh Ernst Leitz Dienstglas 7x50 German army military binoculars.
beh Ernst Leitz Dienstglas jumelles militaires de l'armee Allemande.
beh Ernst Leitz Dienstglas militarfernglaser de Bundeswehr.
beh Ernst Leitz Dienstglas binoculares militares del ejercito Aleman.
beh Ernst Leitz Dienstglas Tyska armens militara kikare.
beh Ernst Leitz Dienstglas binocolo militare dell'esercito Tedesco.
beh Ernst Leitz Dienstglas militaire verrekijker van het Duitse leger.
beh Ernst Leitz Dienstglas den tyske haerens militaere kikkert.
beh Ernst Leitz Dienstglas lornetka wojskowa armii niemieckiej.
beh Ernst Leitz Dienstglas vojensky dalekohled nemecke armady.
beh Ernst Leitz Dienstglas den tyske haers militaere kikkert.
beh Ernst Leitz Dienstglas a nemet hadsereg katonai tavcsovei.
beh Ernst Leitz Dienstglas Saksan armeijan sotilaskiikarit.
beh Ernst Leitz Dienstglas binoculos militares do exercito Alemao.
beh Ernst Leitz Vacijas armijas militarais binoklis.
beh Ernst Leitz Vokietijos armijos karinai ziuronai.

“Dienstglas”property mark has been defaced.

The + marking indicates 1442 cold weather optical grease

WWII Carl Zeiss 6x30 Dienstglas German Military Binoculars, pre 1940

My Carl Zeiss Jena Dienstglas 6x30 German Army binoculars serial # 1923587 predate 1940, when German manufacturer’s letter codes were instituted replacing manufacturer names or logos on German military binoculars. The H/6400 marking refers to the right ocular graticule/ strichplatte/ range grid, Artillerie promille grid units. They have Waffenampt WaA202, an inspection mark of the weapons agency Heereswaffenampt.

Carl Zeiss Jena Dienstglas 6x30 German army military binoculars.
Carl Zeiss Jena Dienstglas 6x30 jumelles militaires de l'armee Allemande
Carl Zeiss Jena Dienstglas 6x30 militarfernglaser de Wermacht
Carl Zeiss Jena Dienstglas 6x30 binoculares militares del ejercito Aleman.
Carl Zeiss Jena Dienstglas 6x30 Tyska armens militara kikare.
Carl Zeiss Jena Dienstglas 6x30 binocolo militare dell'esercito tedesco.
Carl Zeiss Jena Dienstglas 6x30 militaire verrekijker van het Duitse leger.
Carl Zeiss Jena Dienstglas 6x30 den Tyske haerens militaere kikkert.
Carl Zeiss Jena Dienstglas 6x30 lornetka wojskowa armii niemieckiej.
Carl Zeiss Jena Dienstglas 6x30 vojensky dalekohled nemecke armady.
Carl Zeiss Jena Dienstglas 6x30 den tyske haers militaiere kikkert.
Carl Zeiss Jena Dienstglas 6x30 a nemet hadsereg katonai tavcsovei.
Carl Zeiss Jena Dienstglas 6x30 Saksan armeijan sotilaskiikarit.
Carl Zeiss Jena Dienstglas 6x30 binoculos militares do exercito aAlemao.
Carl Zeiss Jena Dienstglas 6x30 vacijas armijas militarais binoklis.
Carl Zeiss Jena Dienstglas 6x30 vokietijos armijos karinai ziuronai.

case marking

Post 1942 WWII E. Leitz beh Dienstglas 10x50 German Military Binoculars serial #411031

My post 1940 beh (Ernst Leitz) Dienstglas 10x50 German army binoculars serial #411031 are marked with the + mark that indicates use of cold weather instrument grease 1442 for use to –40 ° C , and suggests production after Nov 1 1942 (per Hans Seeger).

These binoculars have a right ocular strchplatte/ reticule for estimating range.

USN/ US Navy Mark XI Model 13 Telescopic Gun Sight

Mark XI Mod 13 USN US Navy brass telescopic gun sight.
Mark XI Mod 13

My 24” long and heavy (7 lb) brass MK XI USN Mod 13 brass telescope is presumably a direct fire telescopic gun sight, as it has a non ranging center cross hair. I have found no reference information on these so far, but have seen a photo of an almost identical Mark XI Mod 1 unit which has March 17,1903 patent date markings (but unfortunately no patent no.) so this gives a clue about the original era of these units. If anyone has documentation on these, please email me at miniature.binoculars@gmail.com.

NON MINIATURE BINOCULARS & OPTICS: MOSTLY MILITARY

1916 WWI Voightlander Mod 08 German Military Binoculars (Galilian/ non Prismatic)

My WWI Voightlander German military binoculars are marked “ Mod 08” and have a “ K ” acceptance mark of Gewehr Prufungskommission Spandau, and are also marked “ X 16 ” (production date of October 1916) on the pivot arms. The Voighlander factory in Braunschweig Germany is pictured at right.

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